Witam,
Muszę uporać się z kilkoma programami na zajęcia, aczkolwiek nigdy wcześniej nie miałem styczności z OpenGL'em.. i nie idzie mi zbyt dobrze a w sieci nie mogę znaleźć usystematyzowanego tuturiala.. pracuje na wersji 3.3 i nowszej. Wypatrzyłem kurs na opengl-tuturial.org aczkolwiek brakuje mi tam odpowiedzi na moje pytania.. Jeśli mógłby mi ktoś pomóc i miałby ochotę to byłbym wdzięczny! Aktualnie w oparciu o 4 tuturial z tamtej strony próbowałem zrobić kilka sześcianów, które się obracają.. i jako tako mi wyszło.. aczkolwiek obrót jest jakiś dziwny a dodawanie obiektów w ten sposób przy większej ilości np. 10 powoduje zaśmiecenie kodu, próbowałem to zrobić jakoś za pomocą metody, ale nie zadziałało.. gdyby ktoś pomógł mi to zoptymalizować i naprawić ;)
Poniżej zamieszczam kod:
zad1.cpp
// Include standard headers
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// Include GLEW
#include <GL/glew.h>
// Include GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
GLFWwindow* window;
// Include GLM
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
using namespace glm;
#include "shader.hpp"
//===================================================================Variables
GLfloat gDegreesRotated = 0.0;
GLuint VertexArrayID;
GLuint vertexbuffer;
GLuint vertexbuffer1;
GLuint colorbuffer;
GLuint colorbuffer1;
glm::mat4 Projection;
glm::mat4 View;
glm::mat4 Model;
glm::mat4 MVP;
//===================================================================Methods
static int glfwWindowF(){
// Initialise GLFW
if( !glfwInit() )
{
fprintf( stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW\n" );
getchar();
return -1;
}
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // To make MacOS happy; should not be needed
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
// Open a window and create its OpenGL context
window = glfwCreateWindow( 1024, 768, "Tutorial 04 - Colored Cube", NULL, NULL);
if( window == NULL ){
fprintf( stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window. If you have an Intel GPU, they are not 3.3 compatible. Try the 2.1 version of the tutorials.\n" );
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
// Initialize GLEW
glewExperimental = true; // Needed for core profile
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW\n");
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
// Ensure we can capture the escape key being pressed below
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_STICKY_KEYS, GL_TRUE);
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);
glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID);
return 1;
}
static void LoadCube(float x, float y, float z) {
// Our vertices. Tree consecutive floats give a 3D vertex; Three consecutive vertices give a triangle.
// A cube has 6 faces with 2 triangles each, so this makes 6*2=12 triangles, and 12*3 vertices
static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z
};
// One color for each vertex.
static const GLfloat g_color_buffer_data[] = {
0.583f, 0.771f, 0.014f,
0.609f, 0.115f, 0.436f,
0.327f, 0.483f, 0.844f,
0.822f, 0.569f, 0.201f,
0.435f, 0.602f, 0.223f,
0.310f, 0.747f, 0.185f,
0.597f, 0.770f, 0.761f,
0.559f, 0.436f, 0.730f,
0.359f, 0.583f, 0.152f,
0.483f, 0.596f, 0.789f,
0.559f, 0.861f, 0.639f,
0.195f, 0.548f, 0.859f,
0.014f, 0.184f, 0.576f,
0.771f, 0.328f, 0.970f,
0.406f, 0.615f, 0.116f,
0.676f, 0.977f, 0.133f,
0.971f, 0.572f, 0.833f,
0.140f, 0.616f, 0.489f,
0.997f, 0.513f, 0.064f,
0.945f, 0.719f, 0.592f,
0.543f, 0.021f, 0.978f,
0.279f, 0.317f, 0.505f,
0.167f, 0.620f, 0.077f,
0.347f, 0.857f, 0.137f,
0.055f, 0.953f, 0.042f,
0.714f, 0.505f, 0.345f,
0.783f, 0.290f, 0.734f,
0.722f, 0.645f, 0.174f,
0.302f, 0.455f, 0.848f,
0.225f, 0.587f, 0.040f,
0.517f, 0.713f, 0.338f,
0.053f, 0.959f, 0.120f,
0.393f, 0.621f, 0.362f,
0.673f, 0.211f, 0.457f,
0.820f, 0.883f, 0.371f,
0.982f, 0.099f, 0.879f
};
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glGenBuffers(1, &colorbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_color_buffer_data), g_color_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}
static void LoadCube1(float x, float y, float z) {
static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data1[] = {
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y,-1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
-1.0f+x, 1.0f+y, 1.0f+z,
1.0f+x,-1.0f+y, 1.0f+z
};
// One color for each vertex.
static const GLfloat g_color_buffer_data1[] = {
0.583f, 0.771f, 0.014f,
0.609f, 0.115f, 0.436f,
0.327f, 0.483f, 0.844f,
0.822f, 0.569f, 0.201f,
0.435f, 0.602f, 0.223f,
0.310f, 0.747f, 0.185f,
0.597f, 0.770f, 0.761f,
0.559f, 0.436f, 0.730f,
0.359f, 0.583f, 0.152f,
0.483f, 0.596f, 0.789f,
0.559f, 0.861f, 0.639f,
0.195f, 0.548f, 0.859f,
0.014f, 0.184f, 0.576f,
0.771f, 0.328f, 0.970f,
0.406f, 0.615f, 0.116f,
0.676f, 0.977f, 0.133f,
0.971f, 0.572f, 0.833f,
0.140f, 0.616f, 0.489f,
0.997f, 0.513f, 0.064f,
0.945f, 0.719f, 0.592f,
0.543f, 0.021f, 0.978f,
0.279f, 0.317f, 0.505f,
0.167f, 0.620f, 0.077f,
0.347f, 0.857f, 0.137f,
0.055f, 0.953f, 0.042f,
0.714f, 0.505f, 0.345f,
0.783f, 0.290f, 0.734f,
0.722f, 0.645f, 0.174f,
0.302f, 0.455f, 0.848f,
0.225f, 0.587f, 0.040f,
0.517f, 0.713f, 0.338f,
0.053f, 0.959f, 0.120f,
0.393f, 0.621f, 0.362f,
0.673f, 0.211f, 0.457f,
0.820f, 0.883f, 0.371f,
0.982f, 0.099f, 0.879f
};
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer1);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data1), g_vertex_buffer_data1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glGenBuffers(1, &colorbuffer1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer1);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_color_buffer_data1), g_color_buffer_data1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}
void Update(float secondsElapsed) {
const GLfloat degreesPerSecond = 10.0f;
gDegreesRotated += secondsElapsed * degreesPerSecond;
while(gDegreesRotated > 360.0f) gDegreesRotated -= 360.0f;
}
int main( void )
{
glfwWindowF();
LoadCube(0.f,0.f,0.f);
LoadCube1(10.f,0.f,0.f);
// Enable depth test
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// Accept fragment if it closer to the camera than the former one
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
// Create and compile our GLSL program from the shaders
GLuint programID = LoadShaders( "TransformVertexShader.vertexshader", "ColorFragmentShader.fragmentshader" );
// Get a handle for our "MVP" uniform
GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "MVP");
// Projection matrix : 45° Field of View, 4:3 ratio, display range : 0.1 unit <-> 100 units
glm::mat4 Projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, 4.0f / 3.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
// Camera matrix
glm::mat4 View = glm::lookAt(
glm::vec3(20,3,-3), // Camera is at (4,3,-3), in World Space
glm::vec3(0,0,0), // and looks at the origin
glm::vec3(0,1,0) // Head is up (set to 0,-1,0 to look upside-down)
);
double lastTime = glfwGetTime();
do{
// Dark blue background
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f);
// Clear the screen
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Use our shader
glUseProgram(programID);
// Our ModelViewProjection : multiplication of our 3 matrices
// Model matrix : an identity matrix (model will be at the origin)
Model = glm::rotate(Model, gDegreesRotated, glm::vec3(1, 0, 0));
glm::mat4 MVP = Projection * View * Model; // Remember, matrix multiplication is the other way around
// Send our transformation to the currently bound shader,
// in the "MVP" uniform
glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]);
// 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(
0, // attribute. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
);
// 2nd attribute buffer : colors
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(
1, // attribute. No particular reason for 1, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12*3); // 12*3 indices starting at 0 -> 12 triangles
// 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer1);
glVertexAttribPointer(
0, // attribute. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
);
// 2nd attribute buffer : colors
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer1);
glVertexAttribPointer(
1, // attribute. No particular reason for 1, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
);
// update the scene based on the time elapsed since last update
double thisTime = glfwGetTime();
Update((float)(thisTime - lastTime));
lastTime = thisTime;
// Draw the triangle !
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12*3); // 12*3 indices starting at 0 -> 12 triangles
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
// Swap buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
} // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
while( glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE ) != GLFW_PRESS &&
glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0 );
// Cleanup VBO and shader
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &colorbuffer);
glDeleteProgram(programID);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);
// Close OpenGL window and terminate GLFW
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
TransformVertexShader.vertexshader"
#version 330 core
// Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader.
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
layout(location = 1) in vec3 vertexColor;
// Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment.
out vec3 fragmentColor;
// Values that stay constant for the whole mesh.
uniform mat4 MVP;
void main(){
// Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position
gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1);
// The color of each vertex will be interpolated
// to produce the color of each fragment
fragmentColor = vertexColor;
}
"ColorFragmentShader.fragmentshade
#version 330 core
// Interpolated values from the vertex shaders
in vec3 fragmentColor;
// Ouput data
out vec3 color;
void main(){
// Output color = color specified in the vertex shader,
// interpolated between all 3 surrounding vertices
color = fragmentColor;
}